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Ettore Marchiafava
Ettore Marchiafava (3 January 1847 – 22 October 1935) was an Italian physician, pathologist and neurologist. He spent most of his career as professor of medicine at the University of Rome (now Sapienza Università di Roma). His works on malaria laid down the foundation for modern malariology. He and Angelo Celli were the first to elucidate living malarial parasites in human blood, and able to distinguish the protozoan parasites responsible for tertian and benign malaria. In 1885 they gave the formal scientific name ''Plasmodium'' for these parasites.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eol.org/pages/2908737/names?all=1 )〕 They also discovered meningococcus as the causative agent of cerebral and spinal meningitis. Marchiafava was the first to describe syphilitic cerebral arteritis and degeneration of brain in an alcoholic patient, which is now eponymously named Marchiafava's disease. He gave a complete description of a genetic disease of blood now known Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or sometimes Strübing-Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome, in honour of the pioneer scientists. He was personal physician to three successive popes and also to House of Savoy. In 1913 he was elected to Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. He founded the first Italian anti-tuberculosis sanatorium at Rome. He was elected member of the Accademia dei Lincei, becoming its Vice-president in 1933.
==Biography==
Ettore Marchiafava born in Rome to Francesco Marchiafava and Marianna Vercelli. He graduated in medicine and surgery from the University of Rome (Sapienza Università di Roma) in 1869. He earned doctorate degree in 1872. He won gold medal from his medical course. He immediately worked as assistant to Tommasi Crudeli at pathology department of the University of Rome. He was appointed Associate Professor in 1881, and became full Professor from 19 April 1885. In 1886 he succeeded Crudeli as chair of the department. In 1916 he succeeded Guido Baccelli as chair of medicine, and in 1917 he was given additional appointment of Professor of medicine. He retired on 30 July 1922 and continued as Professor Emeritus.
During his professional career Marchiava served in several important offices. He was Director of the Cabinet of Pathological Histology at the University of Rome in 1882, member of the Higher Council of Education during 1895-1899, extraordinary member of the Provincial Health Council of Rome, member of Provincial Health Council of Rome, Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee of the Italian Red Cross, Corresponding member of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1899, and national member of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1908. He was elected Vice-President of the Accademia dei Lincei of Rome between 13 July to 27 November 1933. He served as personal physician to of three popes, Leo XIII, Pius X and Benedict XV. He was also official physician to the Royal House of Savoy. In 1913 he was elected senator in the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy.
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